The Berlin variation of the Spanish Opening is one of the best and most popular openings among world-class chess players because there are relatively few forcing lines. Black can play a completely sound chess opening based on understanding, rather than memorising theory. The Berlin was Vladimir Kramnik's major weapon with Black when he defeated the great Garry Kasparov to become World Champion.Published on: 2008-08-15 Original language: English Binding: Paperback 312 pages